what is a diabetes dca

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated blood glucose levels beyond the normal range. It can result from insufficient insulin production by the pancreas or the body's inadequate response to insulin. The two most prevalent forms are Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, often affecting children and adolescents, occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency in insulin secretion. Type 2 diabetes, more common in adults, particularly those with unhealthy lifestyles and obesity, is marked by insulin resistance coupled with insufficient insulin production.

Beyond Type 1 and Type 2, there are special types of diabetes, including gestational diabetes and secondary diabetes. Gestational diabetes is characterized by abnormal blood sugar levels during pregnancy, which typically normalize after delivery but increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later on. Secondary diabetes arises from blood sugar abnormalities due to other medical conditions or certain medications. The diagnosis of diabetes is typically confirmed through tests measuring fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. The objective of blood glucose management is to maintain fasting blood glucose levels between 3.9 and 7.2 mmol/L, postprandial blood glucose levels below 10.0 mmol/L two hours after eating, and HbA1c levels below 7%.

Diabetic individuals should focus on dietary control, regular exercise, and consistent blood glucose monitoring as part of their daily routine. They should opt for a diet low in sugar, low in fat, and high in fiber, steering clear of sugary beverages and high-sugar foods. Exercise can enhance insulin sensitivity and aid in blood glucose control. Patients are advised to follow their physician's guidance, take hypoglycemic medications or inject insulin as prescribed, and undergo regular check-ups to fine-tune their treatment plan. Should they experience any discomfort or poor blood glucose control, they should promptly consult a healthcare professional.