qué es la cetoacidosis diabética

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a critical complication of diabetes that typically arises when there is a deficiency in insulin levels, resulting in an excessive buildup of ketone bodies within the body. When the body is unable to utilize blood glucose as an energy source due to insufficient insulin, it turns to breaking down fats for energy. This process generates ketone bodies, which are normally produced and utilized in a balanced manner. However, in states of insulin deficiency, the production of ketone bodies outpaces their utilization, causing an elevation in blood ketone concentrations. As ketone bodies accumulate, the blood becomes increasingly acidic, potentially leading to DKA. Symptoms of DKA include intense thirst, frequent urination, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and altered mental status. If left untreated, it can progress to coma or even death. Immediate medical attention is crucial upon the appearance of these symptoms. Treatment often involves insulin supplementation, correction of dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. Throughout the treatment, patients should adjust their insulin dosage under a physician's supervision and regularly monitor their blood glucose and ketone levels.