what is the difference between prediabetes and diabetes

Pre-diabetes and diabetes represent distinct metabolic conditions, primarily differentiated by blood glucose levels and the body's insulin response. Pre-diabetes is generally defined by blood glucose levels that are elevated but do not yet fulfill the criteria for a diabetes diagnosis. In contrast, diabetes is characterized by sustained high blood glucose levels that can lead to a range of complications.

More specifically, individuals with pre-diabetes may have fasting blood glucose levels between 100 and 125 mg/dL, whereas those with diabetes typically have levels above 126 mg/dL. Postprandial blood glucose two hours after eating may range from 140 to 199 mg/dL in pre-diabetic individuals and exceed 200 mg/dL in diabetic individuals. Furthermore, pre-diabetic patients might exhibit reduced insulin sensitivity but not yet significant insulin resistance or deficiency, whereas diabetic patients may display pronounced insulin resistance or a lack of insulin production.

For both pre-diabetic and diabetic individuals, it is crucial to manage diet, engage in regular physical activity, and avoid excessive consumption of sugar and high-calorie foods. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, adherence to prescribed treatments, and avoiding self-medication are also essential. Should symptoms intensify or new symptoms emerge, prompt medical consultation is advised.