how to say diabetes mellitus

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, primarily defined by sustained hyperglycemia, or blood sugar levels above the normal range. The condition is typically categorized into three types: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, more prevalent in children and adolescents, results from the pancreas's inability to produce sufficient insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. Type 2 diabetes, which is more common, is associated with lifestyle and genetic factors, characterized by insulin resistance or the body's cells not responding adequately to insulin. Gestational diabetes refers to the elevated blood sugar levels that occur in women during pregnancy, which often normalize after childbirth. The diagnosis of diabetes is based on tests measuring fasting plasma glucose (FPG), two-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), and the levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Treatment approaches for diabetes encompass dietary management, physical activity, regular blood glucose monitoring, and, if necessary, pharmacological interventions. Patients are advised to follow their physician's guidance, monitor their blood sugar levels regularly, and maintain a healthy lifestyle to manage their condition effectively.