how does diabetes affect blood vessels

Diabetes often affects blood vessels by causing damage and hardening, which can lead to impaired blood circulation and an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. The condition may progress from minor vascular dysfunction to severe arteriosclerosis and narrowing, potentially resulting in heart disease, stroke, or other vascular complications.

Initially, the sustained high blood sugar levels in diabetic patients can injure the vascular endothelial cells, affecting the blood vessels' ability to dilate and constrict, which can lead to hypertension. Additionally, the high glucose environment may promote thickening and hardening of the vascular walls, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. This reduction in blood flow space exacerbates the cardiovascular load. Furthermore, diabetes can induce microvascular changes that affect blood supply to the kidneys, eyes, and nervous system, leading to complications such as diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. These complications not only diminish the patient's quality of life but can also pose a threat to their safety.

Consequently, individuals with diabetes should focus on controlling their blood sugar levels and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking, to mitigate the rate of vascular damage. Regular health check-ups are also essential to closely monitor changes in blood pressure, lipid levels, and other indicators. Any abnormalities should prompt timely medical consultation. Patients should adjust their treatment plans under a doctor's guidance and avoid making changes to their medication or ignoring the progression of their condition without professional advice.