can diabetic ketoacidosis cause seizures

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) can precipitate seizures. This complication typically arises when there is a marked elevation in blood glucose levels, prompting the body to metabolize fat for energy. During fat metabolism, acidic byproducts known as ketones are generated, and their accumulation in the bloodstream can result in acidosis. Acidosis can manifest with various symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, rapid breathing, and altered mental status, and in severe cases, it may provoke seizures.

Seizures stem from abnormal neuronal firing in the brain, and the electrolyte imbalances associated with DKA, particularly hyponatremia and hypokalemia, can further elevate the risk of seizures. Moreover, dehydration and hyperglycemia can adversely impact brain function, increasing the potential for seizures. It is important to recognize that not all individuals with DKA will have seizures; this depends on individual circumstances and the severity of the ketoacidotic state.

For individuals with diabetes, it is essential to be aware of and identify the early signs of DKA to seek medical attention promptly. Should symptoms suggestive of ketoacidosis emerge, immediate medical assistance is imperative. Treatment generally involves fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replenishment, and insulin therapy to address hyperglycemia and acidosis. With proper guidance from a healthcare provider, managing diet, exercise, and medication can effectively prevent DKA and its associated serious complications.