how does diabetes cause pad

Diabetes can result in peripheral artery disease (PAD), typically by impacting vascular health and fostering arteriosclerosis. Elevated blood sugar levels can injure the endothelium of blood vessels, leading to inflammation and plaque buildup, which in turn limits blood flow to the legs and feet.

In detail, the hyperglycemia in diabetic patients can increase oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, accelerating the arteriosclerotic process and promoting plaque formation within the vasculature. Moreover, diabetes may impair nerve function, causing a reduction in sensation in the lower limbs, which diminishes patients' awareness of foot injuries or infections, thereby exacerbating PAD symptoms and risks. As PAD progresses, it can cause severe circulation impairments, potentially leading to tissue necrosis and the risk of amputation.

Hence, for individuals with diabetes, regular assessments of lower limb circulation are essential. Additionally, maintaining optimal blood sugar control, abstaining from smoking, engaging in moderate physical activity, and adhering to a healthy diet are crucial preventive measures against PAD. Should symptoms such as lower limb pain, coldness, numbness, or ulcers occur, immediate medical evaluation is advised for early diagnosis and treatment. Throughout treatment, it is imperative to adhere to the physician's instructions and use medications responsibly, avoiding self-medication without guidance.